Introduction The façade—the outward face of a building—has long been the architectural equivalent of a first impression. As the visible...

Introduction In modern architecture, facades and curtain walls form the captivating faces of our buildings, defining not just their...

Introduction The façade or building envelope is more than just the outer skin of a structure; it is a complex, multi-layered system that...

Introduction Facades, as both the protective skin and visual identity of buildings, have evolved dramatically over the past decades....